All board exams, especially those for grade 12, are challenging and stressful for students. The board examination is the most decisive stage of their academic life and has a great influence on their future chances. However, preparing for the tests will be more beneficial than feeling stressed and anxious. Plus, getting high grades can be easy if you’re ready with the right guidance and a well-planned study regimen.
To ensure success in the CBSE class 12 physics board final exams, here are some topics, chapters, scoring criteria, and tactics to pass the exam:
PREPARATION TIPS
a) Concept and content, especially with regard to derivations and their applications to numerical, reasoning and graphing
b) Learn and memorize the formulas and data given in NCERT, such as the characteristics of EMW
c) Chart analysis
d) Practice the questions according to the CBSE sample paper
e) Time your preparations
f) Self-testing with sample papers
g) Practice NCERT questions
h) Follow the rule of DCDNN (Definition, Conceptual, Derivations, Basic numeric and HOTS numeric)
i) Numerics mainly of series LCR, YDSE, formula of lens maker, KVL and KCL capacitor, internal resistance, combination of LR and CR in ac circuit, Faraday laws of EMI, energy stored in inductors and capacitors, capacitor series and parallel , EMW, Binding energy, nuclear reactions, spectral lines, lenses, prisms direct and with respect to internal reflection, charge combinations with respect to force and fields, potential and potential energies of the charge systems, optical instruments, vector concepts of magnetic fields of currents, conversions from galvanometer to ammeter, diffraction and interference, photoelectric comparison, Bohr model etc.
UNIT WEIGHT
Unit | Name | Weight |
l II | Electrostatics Current Electricity | 16 |
III IV | Magnetic effects of current and magnetism Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents | 17 |
VVI | Electromagnetic waves Beam Optics and Optical Instruments Wave Optics | 18 |
VII VIII | Dual nature of radiation and matter Atoms and nuclei | 12 |
IX | Electronic devices | 7 |
KEY POINTS CHAPTER WISE
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
Main points: Coulomb’s law between point charges, electric field due to a point charge and electric dipole, torque and potential energy of a dipole in uniform electric field, Gauss’s theorem and its applications i.e. line charge and scale.
Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Main points: Electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole, equipotential surfaces, Potential energy, dielectrics and electric polarization, Series and parallel of capacitors, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium, energy stored in a capacitor.
Chapter–3: Current Electricity
Highlights: Drift speed, mobility and their relationship to electric current; Ohm’s law, VI characteristics, electrical energy and power, resistance factors, internal resistance, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells, Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone’s bridge.
Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Key Points: Biot – Savart law and its application to a circular loop. Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, solenoid, force on a moving load, a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, and force between two parallel current-carrying conductors – definition of amperes, torque on current loop in uniform magnetic field; magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter
Main points: bar magnet as equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole, torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet), magnetic properties of materials – para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.
Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
Main points: Faraday’s laws and induced EMF and current (generation methods); Lenz’s law and finding direction like the questions in NCERT, self and mutual induction.
Chapter–7: Alternating Current
Highlights: Different AC/Voltage values; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power, power factor, wattless current.
Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
Main points: displacement current, electromagnetic spectrum including basic facts about their uses and properties of electromagnetic waves.
Chapter–9: Beam Optics and Optical Instruments
Key points: Formula for spherical mirrors, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction on spherical surfaces, lens formula, lensmaker formula, magnification, combination of thin lenses in contact, prism and formula. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
Chapter–10: Wave Optics
Main points: Huygens’ principle, proof of laws of reflection and refraction, interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for edge width, sustained interference of light, diffraction and width of central maxima.
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Key Points: Observations of Hertz and Lenard, Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation, Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect and Graphs, De-Broglie Relation.
Chapter–12: Atoms
Key Points: Alpha particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s atomic model; Bohr model of hydrogen atom and derivation, spectral line spectra.
Chapter–13: Cores
Main points: nuclear force, mass defect; calculation and meaning of binding energy per nucleon and graph between it and mass number, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.
Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits
Main Points: Energy Bands, Difference Between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, Junction Diode – IV Characteristics, Diode as Rectifier.
— Written by Alka Kapur, Principal, Modern Public School, Shalimar Bagh
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